B2-Environmental problem targeted - Revision history

P.santinello at 05:15, 17 July 2011

2011-07-17T05:15:34Z

P.santinello at 05:15, 17 July 2011

2011-07-17T05:15:13Z

A.rodeghiero at 22:05, 16 July 2011

2011-07-16T22:05:05Z

A.sommavilla: /* Pre-treatment technologies */

2011-07-16T18:22:06Z

‎Pre-treatment technologies

A.sommavilla: /* The process at SEA PLANT */

2011-07-16T18:10:09Z

‎The process at SEA PLANT

P.santinello at 17:07, 16 July 2011

2011-07-16T17:07:25Z

A.sommavilla: /* Past experimentation conducted by COWS proponents */

2011-07-16T15:16:33Z

‎Past experimentation conducted by COWS proponents

A.sommavilla: /* Past experimentation conducted by COWS proponents */

2011-07-16T15:14:45Z

‎Past experimentation conducted by COWS proponents

P.santinello at 15:02, 16 July 2011

2011-07-16T15:02:27Z

A.sommavilla: /* SOTA 1 - description of the state of the art of the technique or method addressed */

2011-07-16T14:29:10Z

‎SOTA 1 - description of the state of the art of the technique or method addressed

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM TARGETED (max. 10.000 characters)<sup>[[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discuss]]</sup>==
 {{note}} '''SE ALLA FINE C'E' TEMPO INSERIRE LA DESCRIZIONE DEL PROCESSO DALLA TALKPAGE'''
 Source-separated collection of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste works well in Viareggio and Camaiore (Lucca, IT): from November to April, Sea Risorse Spa (SEARIS) collects 20 tons daily.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM TARGETED (max. 10.000 characters)<sup>[[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discuss]]</sup>==
+{{note}} '''SE ALLA FINE C'E' TEMPO INSERIRE LA DESCRIZIONE DEL PROCESSO DALLA TALKPAGE'''
 Source-separated collection of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste works well in Viareggio and Camaiore (Lucca, IT): from November to April, Sea Risorse Spa (SEARIS) collects 20 tons daily.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM TARGETED (max. 10.000 characters)<sup>[[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discuss]]</sup>==
 Source-separated collection of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste works well in Viareggio and Camaiore (Lucca, IT): from November to April, Sea Risorse Spa (SEARIS) collects 20 tons daily.
@@ Line 13: / Line 11: @@
 On a yearly basis, about 700 trucks cover the distance to Montespertoli in order to deliver the output of the efficient waste collection. Each trip produces approximately 540 Kg. of CO2, for a total of more than 350 tons in a year. Delivery of OF-MSW from Viareggio to Montespertoli alone amounts to 27 TOE.
 For the composting of 15,000 tons of OF-MSW, Montespertoli plant uses 1,050,000 kwh with equivalent emissions of 560.7 tons of CO2 and a consumption of 241 TOE.
@@ Line 41: / Line 38: @@
 Finally, bringing OF-MSW to existing AD sludge treatement facilities may also reduce further GHG emissions thanks to shorter storage before delivery, when highly biodegradable content may be released. Daily deliver to a co-digestion plant avoids anaerobiotic pockets that could release CH4.
 A number of EU legal instruments addresses the issue of treatment of bio-waste.
@@ Line 58: / Line 54: @@
 COWS demonstration of an innovative, proven solution that can be implemented widely in Europe, with low barriers to social acceptance and low lifecycle impact (because it goes astride existing facilities), adds EU value.
 Finally, COWS will help to clarify from bottom-up the regulation of co-digestion of waste with sewage sludge at sewage treatment plants. Collaboration between utilities under the Water Framework Directive and waste management utilities may lead to enhanced sectoral practices and possibly to specific guidelines for enabling the use of digestion capacity within the water industry (e.g. considering that most water utilities are energy-hungry industries).
@@ Line 64: / Line 59: @@
 ==STATE OF THE ART AND INNOVATIVE ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT (max. 10.000 characters)<sup>[[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discuss]]</sup>==
 '''Note: for forests monitoring projects this box should not be filled in'''
 The promotion of waste minimisation and recycling are important components of modern waste management strategies: to this end  anaerobic digestion has been reported as the most cost-effective method.

@@ Line 138: / Line 138: @@
 === Pre-treatment technologies ===
 Pre-treatment is crucial for good process performances.
-Bio-wastes from separate collection as OF_MSW require extended pre-conditioning for wet co–digestion.
+Bio-wastes from separate collection, like OF_MSW, require extended pre-conditioning for wet co–digestion.
-Dry digestion offers the easier solution since the material doesn’t separate much as long as the dry matter content remains above 25% total solids. But it does not fit with sewage sludge co-digestion.
+Dry digestion offers the easier solution since the material doesn’t separate much as long as the dry matter content remains above 25% total solids. But it does not fit in with sewage sludge co-digestion.
 Wet separation removes heavy contaminants (glass, stones) and floating materials (plastics, wood, rubber) after the addition of recycled water. The technology is well established and better suited for large-scale bio-waste digestion plants.
-It is generally accepted that wet separation processes achieve higher impurities removal compared to dry separation, however it is laborious and expensive. In the end pre-treatment process must always be waste specific, in accordance with the digestion process applied and adjusted to the product quality required.
+It is generally accepted that wet separation processes achieve higher impurities removal compared to dry separation, however it is laborious and expensive. In the end, pre-treatment processing must always be waste specific, in accordance with the digestion process applied and adjusted to the product quality required.
-For COWS this means searching the best trade-off for conventional  wet, one-stage, batch digestion system fed with OF-MSW from separated collection.
+For COWS this means searching for the best trade-off for conventional wet, one-stage, batch digestion system fed with OF-MSW from separated collection.
-Hence a technology screening have been done after the experimentation reported, leading to the conclusion that a full scale prototype pre-treatment sub-unit can be implemented to demonstrate how to upgrade sludge treatment plant to co-digestion in a viable, sustainable way.
+Hence, a technology screening has been done after the experimentation reported, leading to the conclusion that a full scale prototype pre-treatment sub-unit can be implemented to demonstrate how to upgrade a sludge treatment plant to co-digestion in a viable, sustainable way.
-As said most pre-treatment technologies are borrowed from other industrial sectors.
+As noted earlier, most pre-treatment technologies are borrowed from other industrial sectors.
-Focus is on obtaining the best semi-fluid phase, the OF-MSW slurry to be mixed with sludge with the simplest, most stable and serviceable machinery.
+Focus is on obtaining the best semi-fluid phase, with the OF-MSW slurry to be mixed with sludge employing the simplest, most stable and serviceable machinery.
 Technologies examined include:
 * PROMECO extruder, derived from pulp industry use and with a good track record in waste treatment;
 * ROS ROCA wet pre-treatment (hydro-mechanical);
-* LINDE hydropupler;
+* LINDE hydropulper;
 * BTA Wet mechanical pre-treatment, pulper and grit removal;
 * VM Press (extrusion press system);
-Extrusion has been identified as the most promising technique, but this decision will reviewed after a new technology screening and invitation to express interest to these technology vendors.
+Extrusion has been identified as the most promising technique, but this decision will be reviewed after a new technology screening and an invitation to express interest sent to technology vendors.
-The key factor is the availability of adjustement and calibration features that are not available in catalogue products and must be co-designed for COWS prototype.
+The key factor is the availability of adjustement and calibration features that are not present in catalogue products and must be co-designed for COWS prototype.
-The resulting COWS process will be a modified process in which incoming OF-MSW is pre-treated to obtain a slurry of controlled characteristics to be mixed with sewage sludge and fed in the existing digestion process to rise biogas production at a level convenient for CHP.
+The resulting COWS process will be a modified process in which incoming OF-MSW is pre-treated to obtain a slurry of controlled characteristics to be mixed with sewage sludge and fed to the existing digestion process in order to rise biogas production at a level convenient for CHP.
-Applied technology innovation regards the pre-treatment unit to obtain a slurry of controlled quality.
+Applied technology innovation targets the pre-treatment unit with the aim to obtain a slurry of controlled quality.
-COWS brings about an innovation in the way it upgrades existing facilities.
+COWS brings about an innovation in the way in which existing facilities are upgraded.
-As a consequence also the economic model will change, because it changes the bottom line of waste processing.
+As a consequence, the economic model will also change, because it changes the bottom line of waste processing.
 [[index:LIFE|Torna all'indice]]

@@ Line 131: / Line 131: @@
 === The process at SEA PLANT ===
-The facility in VIareggio is similar to most treatment plants: it uses conventional, non-patented, single-stage digestion system, in which all phases during the anaerobic degradation takes place in the same reactor, even though the microbial requirements of the different phases are not the same.
+The facility in VIareggio is similar to most treatment plants: it uses conventional, non-patented, single-stage digestion system, in which all phases during the anaerobic degradation take place in the same reactor, even though the microbial requirements of the different phases are not the same.
 COWS addresses primarily this type of conventional wet, one-stage, batch-wise digestion systems.
-COWS approach may be useful also in other patented processes that have been successfully proven their reliable performance in full-scale plants processes (e.g. Waasa, BTA, Schwarting-Uhde), but such investigation falls out of the scope of the project.
+COWS approach may be useful also in other patented processes that have successfully proven their reliable performance in full-scale plants processes (e.g. Waasa, BTA, Schwarting-Uhde), but such investigation falls out of the scope of the project.
 === Pre-treatment technologies ===

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:07, 16 July 2011
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		+	=== The process at SEA PLANT ===
		+	The facility in VIareggio is similar to most treatment plants: it uses conventional, non-patented, single-stage digestion system, in which all phases during the anaerobic degradation takes place in the same reactor, even though the microbial requirements of the different phases are not the same.
		+	COWS addresses primarily this type of conventional wet, one-stage, batch-wise digestion systems.

		+	COWS approach may be useful also in other patented processes that have been successfully proven their reliable performance in full-scale plants processes (e.g. Waasa, BTA, Schwarting-Uhde), but such investigation falls out of the scope of the project.

		+	=== Pre-treatment technologies ===
		+	Pre-treatment is crucial for good process performances.
		+	Bio-wastes from separate collection as OF_MSW require extended pre-conditioning for wet co–digestion.
		+	Dry digestion offers the easier solution since the material doesn’t separate much as long as the dry matter content remains above 25% total solids. But it does not fit with sewage sludge co-digestion.
		+	Wet separation removes heavy contaminants (glass, stones) and floating materials (plastics, wood, rubber) after the addition of recycled water. The technology is well established and better suited for large-scale bio-waste digestion plants.
		+	It is generally accepted that wet separation processes achieve higher impurities removal compared to dry separation, however it is laborious and expensive. In the end pre-treatment process must always be waste specific, in accordance with the digestion process applied and adjusted to the product quality required.
		+	For COWS this means searching the best trade-off for conventional wet, one-stage, batch digestion system fed with OF-MSW from separated collection.

		+	Hence a technology screening have been done after the experimentation reported, leading to the conclusion that a full scale prototype pre-treatment sub-unit can be implemented to demonstrate how to upgrade sludge treatment plant to co-digestion in a viable, sustainable way.
		+	As said most pre-treatment technologies are borrowed from other industrial sectors.
		+	Focus is on obtaining the best semi-fluid phase, the OF-MSW slurry to be mixed with sludge with the simplest, most stable and serviceable machinery.
		+	Technologies examined include:
		+	* PROMECO extruder, derived from pulp industry use and with a good track record in waste treatment;
		+	* ROS ROCA wet pre-treatment (hydro-mechanical);
		+	* LINDE hydropupler;
		+	* BTA Wet mechanical pre-treatment, pulper and grit removal;
		+	* VM Press (extrusion press system);

		+	Extrusion has been identified as the most promising technique, but this decision will reviewed after a new technology screening and invitation to express interest to these technology vendors.

		+	The key factor is the availability of adjustement and calibration features that are not available in catalogue products and must be co-designed for COWS prototype.

−	~~Pictures (If you wish~~ to ~~add~~ a ~~table or~~ a ~~picture, save it as an image file and upload it)~~	+	The resulting COWS process will be a modified process in which incoming OF-MSW is pre-treated to obtain a slurry of controlled characteristics to be mixed with sewage sludge and fed in the existing digestion process to rise biogas production at a level convenient for CHP.

		+	Applied technology innovation regards the pre-treatment unit to obtain a slurry of controlled quality.
		+
		+	COWS brings about an innovation in the way it upgrades existing facilities.
		+
		+	As a consequence also the economic model will change, because it changes the bottom line of waste processing.


	[[index:LIFE\|Torna all'indice]]		[[index:LIFE\|Torna all'indice]]

@@ Line 106: / Line 106: @@
 === Past experimentation conducted by COWS proponents ===
-Starting from 2005 SEARIS and the water supply utility GAIA (producer of sewage sludge) set up an experimental line for AD codigestion of wastewater sludge and OF-MSW.
+Starting from 2005, SEARIS and the water supply utility GAIA (producer of sewage sludge) set up an experimental line for AD codigestion of wastewater sludge and OF-MSW. Results from that experiment are the proof-of-concept of COWS innovative prototype and demonstration line.
 A paper reporting on the experimentation was published (Bolzonella D, Battistoni P, Susini C, Cecchi F, (2006) "Anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge and the OF-MSW: The experiences of Viareggio and Treviso plants (Italy)" Water Science & Technology 53(8) 203-211). Caterina Susini, Ph.D. is the candidate Project Manager of COWS project.

@@ Line 108: / Line 108: @@
 Starting from 2005 SEARIS and the water supply utility GAIA (producer of sewage sludge) set up an experimental line for AD codigestion of wastewater sludge and OF-MSW.
 Results from that experiment are the proof-of-concept of COWS innovative prototype and demonstration line.
-Viareggio WWTP treats the wastewater coming from the Viareggio Municiaplity and neighborough, covering a capacity of some 75.000 people equivalent. The sludge line adopts a pre-thickening (2 dynamic pre-thickeners with a working volume of 350 m3 each) and the anaerobic digestion of the sludge, carried out in two digesters of 3000 and 1500 m3, respectively.
+A paper reporting on the experimentation was published (Bolzonella D, Battistoni P, Susini C, Cecchi F, (2006) "Anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge and the OF-MSW: The experiences of Viareggio and Treviso plants (Italy)" Water Science & Technology 53(8) 203-211). Caterina Susini, Ph.D. is the candidate Project Manager of COWS project.
-After digestion, sludge are dewatered achieving some 20% TS in the dewatered stream.
 The experimental co-digestion line was implemented by using a pilot scale sorting line able to treat 3 - 5 tons per day of organic waste coming from source sorting collection.
-With reference to experimental data, both substrates (sewage sludge, SS, and SS-OFMSW) fed to the digester exhibited good characteristics in relation to the codigestion process requirements: the SS present a volatile solid content of 69 %TS while the OFMSW shown high TS content (some 30%), and high TVS content (75 %TS); well balanced nutrient content was observed too.
+With reference to experimental data, both substrates (sewage sludge, SS, and SS-OFMSW) fed to the digester exhibited good characteristics in relation to the codigestion process requirements: the SS presented a volatile solid content of 69 %TS while the OFMSW showed high TS content (some 30%), and high TVS content (75 %TS); well balanced nutrient content was observed too.
-An additional improvement was given by the sorting treatment which allowed to obtain a stream with a content of 89% of putrescible matter.
+An additional improvement was provided by the sorting treatment which allowed to obtain a stream with a content of 89% of putrescible matter.
 Good characteristics of substrates determined the good performances of the process: SGP improved from 0.21 to 0.26 m3/kgTVS treating  3 ton/day of SS-OFMSW, which means an additional OLR of 0.19 kgTVS/m3d, on a total OLR of 1.21 kgTVS/m3d.
-Monitoring of the process covered three months of experiment: it was observed a progressive evolution of stability parameters, as alkalinity, which required much more than 1 HRT to achieve a stable situation.
+Monitoring of the process covered three months of experiment: we observed a progressive evolution of stability parameters, such as alkalinity, which required much more than 1 HRT to achieve a stable situation.
 Collected data allowed to hypothesize similar positive behaviour of the process also using higher loading rate.
 The experiment remarked the importance of pre-treatment.
-Subsequent technology screening have been done, driving to the conclusion that a full scale prototype pre-treatment sub-unit can be implemented to demonstrate how to upgrade sludge treatment plant to co-digestion in a viable, sustainable way.
+Subsequent technology screening has been done, leading to the conclusion that a full scale prototype pre-treatment sub-unit can be implemented to demonstrate how to upgrade of a sludge treatment plant to co-digestion in a viable, sustainable way.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:02, 16 July 2011
Line 104:		Line 104:

	In conclusion there is a technology gap around integration of pre-treatment subsystems into existing WWTP AD processes.		In conclusion there is a technology gap around integration of pre-treatment subsystems into existing WWTP AD processes.
		+
		+	=== Past experimentation conducted by COWS proponents ===
		+	Starting from 2005 SEARIS and the water supply utility GAIA (producer of sewage sludge) set up an experimental line for AD codigestion of wastewater sludge and OF-MSW.
		+	Results from that experiment are the proof-of-concept of COWS innovative prototype and demonstration line.
		+	A paper reporting the experimentation was published (Bolzonella D, Battistoni P, Susini C, Cecchi F, (2006) "Anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge and the OF-MSW: The expereinces of Viareggio and Treviso plants (Italy)" Water Science & Technology 53(8) 203-211). Caterina Susini, Ph.D. is the candidate Project Manager of COWS project.
		+
		+	Viareggio WWTP treats the wastewater coming from the Viareggio Municiaplity and neighborough, covering a capacity of some 75.000 people equivalent. The sludge line adopts a pre-thickening (2 dynamic pre-thickeners with a working volume of 350 m3 each) and the anaerobic digestion of the sludge, carried out in two digesters of 3000 and 1500 m3, respectively.
		+	After digestion, sludge are dewatered achieving some 20% TS in the dewatered stream.
		+
		+	The experimental co-digestion line was implemented by using a pilot scale sorting line able to treat 3 - 5 tons per day of organic waste coming from source sorting collection.
		+
		+	With reference to experimental data, both substrates (sewage sludge, SS, and SS-OFMSW) fed to the digester exhibited good characteristics in relation to the codigestion process requirements: the SS present a volatile solid content of 69 %TS while the OFMSW shown high TS content (some 30%), and high TVS content (75 %TS); well balanced nutrient content was observed too.
		+
		+	An additional improvement was given by the sorting treatment which allowed to obtain a stream with a content of 89% of putrescible matter.
		+
		+	Good characteristics of substrates determined the good performances of the process: SGP improved from 0.21 to 0.26 m3/kgTVS treating 3 ton/day of SS-OFMSW, which means an additional OLR of 0.19 kgTVS/m3d, on a total OLR of 1.21 kgTVS/m3d.
		+
		+	Monitoring of the process covered three months of experiment: it was observed a progressive evolution of stability parameters, as alkalinity, which required much more than 1 HRT to achieve a stable situation.
		+	Collected data allowed to hypothesize similar positive behaviour of the process also using higher loading rate.
		+
		+	The experiment remarked the importance of pre-treatment.
		+
		+	Subsequent technology screening have been done, driving to the conclusion that a full scale prototype pre-treatment sub-unit can be implemented to demonstrate how to upgrade sludge treatment plant to co-digestion in a viable, sustainable way.
		+

@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 As seen in the description of the environmental problem targeted, this methods is not opposed by EU legal framework.
-So why aren't there COWS-like projects entertained by every WWTP and MSW manager?
+So why aren't there COWS-like projects being entertained by every WWTP and MSW manager?
 Core technology providers focus their efforts primarily on new facilities where their whole process can be purchased without the need of extensive works and modifications, as would be the case for existing plants.