B2-Environmental problem targeted
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM TARGETED (max. 10.000 characters)discuss
Source-separated collection of municipal solid waste organic fraction works well in Viareggio and Camaiore (Lucca, IT): da novembre ad aprile, ogni giorno, Sea Risorse Spa (SEARIS) ne raccoglie 20 tonnellate. Questo materiale organico che proviene dalla raccolta porta a porta e dalle grandi utenze viene inviato al più vicino centro di compostaggio (composting plant) capace di trattare queste quantità. Ogni giorno da novembre ad aprile un camion con due scarrabili (hook-lift containers) porta 20 tonnellate di frazione organica di rifiuti solidi urbani (OF-MSW) da Viareggio per 100 KM fino a Montespertoli (Florence, IT) e poi torna. Viareggio e Camaiore insieme arrivano quasi a 100,000 abitanti residenti, ma hanno una forte attività turistica che incide fortemente sulla quantità di rifiuti prodotta e raccolta. Da maggio a ottobre i viaggi fino a Montespertoli diventano nove ogni giorno con picchi anche maggiori. Ogni anno circa 1500 camion fanno quel percorso per portare a destinazine l'esito dell'efficienza della raccolta differenziata. Per ogni viaggio vengono prodotti circa 300 Kg. di CO2, oltre 400 tonnellate ogni anno.
Anaerobic codigestion can be considered one of the most promising way to give a proper disposal to the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OF-MSW) coming from source or separate collection systems. This approach is very interesting in Europe, where the EC regulations push towards the separation of collection strategies for MSW management: about 400.000 tons/year of OFMSW coming from source sorted or separately collection approaches are produced in Europe (Mata-Alvarez et al., 2000). At the same time, in the EC there are some 36.000 wastewater treatment plants which adopt the anaerobic stabilisation of sewage or waste activated sludge: very often these plants are oversized, due to the low sludge mass loadings originated from wastewater treatment and the low biogas yields of sludge (Bolzonella et al., 2005). This scenario suggests that, implementing wastewater and OF-MSW treatments through codigestion, the recovery of some 112.000 electrical MW and 180.000 thermal MW can be achieved. Italy is now moving in this field, thanks to the application of new laws (decree 22/97) about the separation of the so-called ‘wet fraction’ from the municipalities. In order to apply such an integration wastewater treatment plants should be conveniently up-graded to treat these streams of waste. The paper deals with two full-scale experiences carried out in central and northern Italy respectively, in which waste activated sludge and the OF-MSW were codigested in the anaerobic digestion units of two WWTPs.
STATE OF THE ART AND INNOVATIVE ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT (max. 10.000 characters)discuss
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